Is Andrea obligated? No. Might one sometimes pay more than is asked? Yes. For example, we had a neighborhood business do snow removal and lawn mowing for years. The owner informed us he was discontinuing the business and moving into landscaping. He told us one of his former employees (who was mentally slow) needed a job and wanted to continue working. We hired him. He started out charging too low a fee. We told him this was too low and paid him a fair market rate and suggested he use this to help him negotiate with other customers. That was almost a decade ago and he is still in business. Had we taken advantage of him, he would probably have left the business and then we would have to find someone else.
It might be useful, however, to consider why some people might think Emma "ought" to pay Andrea more. And that requires thinking about a price or wage as being two things wrapped into one: an incentive and an income transfer. And while most people would probably agree that the incentive "shroud" be that which maximizes the mutual benefit of the transaction (in the absence of other factors the one freely agreed upon), some people might think that rich Emma "ought" to transfer income to poorer Andrea.
Is Andrea obligated? No. Might one sometimes pay more than is asked? Yes. For example, we had a neighborhood business do snow removal and lawn mowing for years. The owner informed us he was discontinuing the business and moving into landscaping. He told us one of his former employees (who was mentally slow) needed a job and wanted to continue working. We hired him. He started out charging too low a fee. We told him this was too low and paid him a fair market rate and suggested he use this to help him negotiate with other customers. That was almost a decade ago and he is still in business. Had we taken advantage of him, he would probably have left the business and then we would have to find someone else.
I fully agree with the point made.
It might be useful, however, to consider why some people might think Emma "ought" to pay Andrea more. And that requires thinking about a price or wage as being two things wrapped into one: an incentive and an income transfer. And while most people would probably agree that the incentive "shroud" be that which maximizes the mutual benefit of the transaction (in the absence of other factors the one freely agreed upon), some people might think that rich Emma "ought" to transfer income to poorer Andrea.